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What it calculates: TDS Amount, Net Payment, Rate Applied, Above Threshold? (1 = yes).
Updated 5 June 2026 · Transparent assumptions
An individual contractor and a company are deducted differently
Payments to an individual or Hindu undivided family contractor carry a lower TDS rate than payments to a company or firm for identical work. The distinction is the legal status of the recipient, not the nature of what they did.
Getting it wrong in either direction causes problems: under-deducting leaves the payer liable for the shortfall plus interest, and over-deducting leaves the contractor chasing a refund for a year.
A single large payment or a year of small ones both trigger it
Contract TDS typically has a single-payment threshold and a separate, higher annual aggregate threshold for the same recipient. Crossing either one creates the obligation.
The aggregate test is the one usually missed. A series of payments each below the single-payment limit still triggers deduction once the year’s total passes the aggregate, and the obligation covers the whole amount from that point.
Works contracts, not professional fees
This section covers payments for carrying out work — construction, manufacturing to specification, advertising, catering, transport. Professional and technical services fall under a different section at a materially higher rate.
The classification matters more than the label on the invoice. A payment described as a contract but substantively for professional services is deductible at the professional rate, and a tax officer will apply the substance.
Where materials are billed separately, the base may be labour only
For a works contract where the customer supplies materials, TDS may apply only to the labour component provided the invoice separates the two. Where materials are not separately stated, deduction is on the gross amount.
This is worth structuring correctly at the invoice stage. A combined invoice can leave a contractor with TDS deducted on material costs they simply passed through, which is real cash locked up for a year.
Sources & References
Figures on this page are checked against primary, authoritative sources. Links open in a new tab.
Tax rules vary by country, state, tax year, filing status, income type, deductions, and exemptions. This calculator is educational and uses the values you enter. Always verify final tax treatment with official sources or a qualified tax professional.
Published the calculator with its formula, worked example, assumptions, limitations and a bespoke guide, and added an automated formula test suite covering it.
Tested the individual and company rates applied to the same payment, with the threshold test governing both.
Tested that switching the recipient type changes the deduction by exactly the difference between the two rates.
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