Tax calculator

VAT/GST Calculator

Use this global VAT/GST calculator to add tax to a net price, remove tax from a gross price, find the tax rate, calculate tax-inclusive and tax-exclusive prices, and build mixed-rate invoice totals.

Basic VAT/GST

Net price (before VAT)

VAT rate

Discount (before VAT)

Country presets (VAT & GST around the world)

Standard 20%, reduced 5% (e.g. home energy), zero-rated 0% (most food, children’s clothes).

Standard 23% plus 13.5%, 9%, 4.8% (livestock), and 0% rates. Hospitality food moves 13.5% → 9% from 1 Jul 2026.

Standard 19%, reduced 7% (from 2026 restaurant food is 7%; drinks stay 19%).

Standard 20% with 10%, 5.5%, and 2.1% reduced rates. Corsica and overseas departments differ.

Standard 22% with 10%, 5%, and 4% reduced rates.

Standard 21%, reduced 10%, super-reduced 4%, 0% on certain supplies. Canary Islands use IGIC instead.

Standard 21%, reduced 9%, 0% for exports/intra-EU. Hotel stays moved to 21% in 2026.

8.1% standard, 2.6% reduced, 3.8% lodging (since 2024).

Single 10% GST; many items GST-free (basic food, health, education, exports).

15% GST on most goods and services; some supplies zero-rated (e.g. exports).

9% GST (since 1 Jan 2024); exports and international services zero-rated.

10% standard, 8% reduced (food and drink excl. alcohol and dining out, subscription newspapers).

GST 2.0 (22 Sep 2025): 18% standard and 5% merit slabs, 0% exempt, 40% on selected luxury/sin goods — replacing the old 5/12/18/28 structure. Special 3% gold and 0.25% rough-diamond rates continue.

5% standard since 2018; exports and some sectors zero-rated.

15% standard since July 2020 (no 2025–2026 change); some supplies zero-rated.

10% standard since 2022; some supplies zero-rated. Use a custom currency symbol for Bahraini dinar.

Federal GST 5%. HST provinces: Ontario 13%, Nova Scotia 14% (since Apr 2025), NB/NL/PEI 15%. Separate provincial sales taxes elsewhere.

15% standard — the 2025 proposed increase to 15.5% was withdrawn; listed basic foods zero-rated.

12% standard since 2006; export sales by VAT-registered persons and certain other supplies are zero-rated.

Selecting a country also sets the tax label (VAT, GST, …) and suggests its currency — both stay editable.

VAT/GST rates change. Always verify the current rate with your local tax authority or accountant.

Rounding settings

Decimal places

Rounding method

Real invoices may round VAT per line or at the invoice total level. This can create small (legitimate) differences of a few cents.

Basic calculation

Net price

$100.00

As entered.

VAT amount

$20.00

Gross − net.

Gross price

$120.00

Net × (1 + rate).

VAT rate

20%

VAT is 16.67% of the gross price.

Gross price breakdown

Net $100.00VAT $20.00= Gross $120.00

Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100) · VAT = Gross − Net

On a net price of $100.00 at 20% VAT, the VAT is $20.00 and the VAT-inclusive price is $120.00.

VAT makes up 16.67% of the gross price — note this is lower than the 20% rate, because the rate applies to the net price, not the gross.

Educational estimate using the rate you entered — not a filing figure. Verify current rates with your tax authority.

Export your inputs, formulas, invoice rows, tax breakdown, assumptions, and sources — 12 sheets with live Excel formulas.

What this tool shows

Across VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax systems — with discounts, rounding controls, verified country presets, and a formula-backed XLSX workbook.

Add or remove VAT, GST, HST, or consumption tax — with a custom label option
Enter any two of net, tax, gross, and rate — the other two are solved
Reverse rate finder from a before-tax and after-tax price
Multi-line invoice with mixed rates, quantities, discounts, and a by-rate summary
Discounts before tax, plus rounding controls (2–4 decimals, up/down, per line vs total)
Verified rate presets for 19 countries with suggested currency and tax label

VAT, GST, HST & custom tax Any currency Country presets Mixed-rate invoice Formula-backed XLSX Practical interpretation

Calculate VAT/GST VAT/GST formulas

Verify rates with your tax authority — full formula shown.

Updated 14 June 2026 · Works in any currency

To add VAT or GST, multiply the net price by 1 plus the tax rate; to remove it, divide the gross price by the same factor. The tax amount is always Gross − Net, and the rate is Tax ÷ Net × 100. Never subtract the percentage from a tax-inclusive price — $120 at 20% contains $20 of tax (net $100), not $24. For mixed-rate invoices, calculate tax per line item and sum the line taxes.

Why £120 at 20% is £100 net, never £96

Whichever mode you use, the same three numbers stay linked: net, tax, and gross always satisfy net + tax = gross. Adding tax multiplies the net by (1 + rate ÷ 100); removing it divides the gross by that same factor. The two are opposites, and dividing is never the same as subtracting the percentage — the single most common VAT/GST mistake.

Take a net price of £100 at a 20% VAT rate: VAT = 100 × 20 ÷ 100 = £20, so the gross price is 100 × 1.20 = £120. Going the other way from that same £120 gross figure, the net is 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 and the tax is £20 again, confirming the round trip. Subtracting the rate instead of dividing gives £96, and checking that answer forward proves the error — 96 × 1.20 = £115.20, not £120. Division is the only operation that correctly reverses the multiplication used to add tax, which is why Basic mode divides and shows the formula and a breakdown bar beside the answer.

In Any Two Values mode you enter whichever pair you know — net and gross, tax and rate, gross and tax — and the calculator solves the other two. Find the Rate mode reverse-solves the implied rate from a before-tax and an after-tax price, so a tax line quoted with no rate attached still resolves to a percentage you can act on.

VAT/GST formulas

Add tax

Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100)

The rate applies to the NET price — VAT and GST alike.

Remove tax

Net = Gross ÷ (1 + Rate ÷ 100)

Division — never subtract the rate from the gross.

Find the rate

Rate = (Gross − Net) ÷ Net × 100

Useful for auditing a supplier’s invoice against a country’s standard rates.

Invoice line tax

Line Tax = (Qty × Unit − Discount) × Rate ÷ 100

Each line uses its OWN rate; the invoice total is the sum of every line’s tax.

VAT, GST and US sales tax are three different mechanisms

Two questions separate them: whether tax is collected at every stage, and whether a registered buyer can reclaim what it paid.

How VAT, GST and US sales tax differ in collection point, input credit and pricing.
What differs	VAT	GST	US sales tax
Collected at	Every stage of the supply chain	Every stage of the supply chain	Final retail sale only
Business input credit	Credit for tax paid on inputs	Credit for tax paid on inputs	None; resale exemption certificate instead
Who bears the cost	Final consumer; registered firms net to nil	Final consumer; registered firms net to nil	Final consumer; retailer remits in full
Shown in the advertised price	Yes, shelf price is tax-inclusive	Yes, shelf price is tax-inclusive	No, added at the till
Cross-border on exports	Typically zero-rated	Typically zero-rated	Not taxed; no credit mechanism

Economically, VAT and GST are the same instrument: staged consumption taxes with input-tax credits on identical price arithmetic, which is why one calculator serves both. Legally they are not. Rates, exemptions, invoice requirements, registration thresholds, and filing rules differ by country, and some GST systems — India’s among them — add concepts such as CGST/SGST splits that VAT systems do not have. Canada’s HST is the harmonised federal-plus-provincial tax collected as one — 13% in Ontario, 14% in Nova Scotia, 15% in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and PEI — and in a price calculation it behaves exactly like VAT or GST at the combined rate: pick the HST label, enter the combined rate.

US-style sales tax is the outlier in the table but not in the arithmetic: adding or removing it uses the same price × (1 + rate) formula. Single-stage collection with no input credit changes who files what, not how a tax-inclusive or tax-exclusive price is computed — the distinction matters to a business filing returns, not to the invoice in front of you. For US state rate presets and a receipt-style breakdown, the site’s dedicated Sales Tax Calculator is the better starting point.

Input VAT reclaim: what each business in the chain actually remits

A 20% rate through four stages, each adding 100.00 of value. Every business claims back the tax its supplier charged.

Four-stage 20% VAT chain showing output tax, input tax credit and the amount each business remits.
Stage	Net sale	Output tax	Input tax credit	Net remitted
Farmer	100.00	20.00	0.00	20.00
Miller	200.00	40.00	20.00	20.00
Wholesaler	300.00	60.00	40.00	20.00
Retailer	400.00	80.00	60.00	20.00

Total remitted across the chain: 80.00 — exactly the tax inside the 480.00 the consumer paid. A registered business is a collector, not a payer.

Registration thresholds: the number that decides whether you charge tax at all

Below the threshold you do not charge tax; above it registration is compulsory. Each figure comes from that country's own authority — HMRC, DGFiP, the ATO, IRAS, CBIC and their counterparts — checked 1 September 2026.

Registration thresholds for 19 VAT, GST and consumption-tax systems, with the turnover period each is measured over.
Country	Tax	Registration threshold	Measured on
United Kingdom	VAT	GBP 90,000	Rolling 12 months
Ireland	VAT	EUR 85,000 goods / EUR 42,500 services	Rolling 12 months
Germany	VAT	EUR 25,000 prior year / EUR 100,000 current year	Prior year plus in-year cap
France	VAT	EUR 85,000 goods / EUR 37,500 services	Prior calendar year
Netherlands	VAT	No threshold	From the first supply
Spain	VAT	No threshold	From the first supply
Italy	VAT	EUR 85,000	Annual receipts (regime forfettario)
Switzerland	VAT	CHF 100,000	Worldwide annual turnover
Australia	GST	AUD 75,000	Rolling 12 months
New Zealand	GST	NZD 60,000	Past or next 12 months
Singapore	GST	SGD 1,000,000	Calendar year
India	GST	INR 4,000,000 goods / INR 2,000,000 services	Aggregate annual turnover
Japan	Consumption tax	JPY 10,000,000	Base period, 2 years prior
Philippines	VAT	PHP 3,000,000	Past or next 12 months
United Arab Emirates	VAT	AED 375,000	Rolling 12 months
Saudi Arabia	VAT	SAR 375,000	Any 12-month period
South Africa	VAT	ZAR 2,300,000	Any 12 consecutive months
Canada	GST/HST	CAD 30,000	Quarter or four consecutive quarters
Bahrain	VAT	BHD 37,500	Rolling 12 months

Several countries — the Netherlands and Spain among them — set no threshold and require registration from the first taxable supply; voluntary registration below a threshold is usually available, and is sometimes worth taking to reclaim input tax.

Place of supply sets the rate; the reverse charge moves who remits it

The rate follows the place of supply, not the seller's address. B2C digital services are generally taxed where the customer is, which is why one seller can owe several rates; B2B services usually shift to the customer under the reverse charge; goods follow where they are delivered or imported. This calculator applies whichever rate you enter and does not determine which jurisdiction's rate is correct.

Where the reverse charge applies, the supplier invoices with no tax and a reverse-charge reference. The buyer books the same amount as both output and input tax, so the net cash effect is nil for a fully taxable business.

Three situations in which the reverse charge moves tax accounting from the supplier to the buyer.
Situation	Who accounts for the tax	Why
Cross-border B2B services into another country	The buyer	Taxed where the customer belongs
UK construction; EU wholesale telecoms and electronics	The buyer	Removes the fraud-prone cash step
Imported goods under postponed import accounting	The importer	Defers import tax to the return

None of this is applied for you: settle the place of supply first, then enter the rate that decision produces. On a reverse-charged line there is no rate to enter at all.

Per-line rounding and invoice-total rounding do not always agree

Every mode models VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax the same way — a straight percentage of the net amount, the standard credit-invoice mechanism — and the tax label you choose changes the wording only, never the maths. Discounts apply before tax, reducing the taxable value, in Basic mode and on each invoice line alike.

Rounding then follows your settings exactly: 2–4 decimals; standard, up, or down; applied per line or to the invoice total, matching Excel’s ROUND, ROUNDUP, and ROUNDDOWN. Those last two are not interchangeable on a multi-line invoice: rounding every line to two decimals and adding the results need not land on the same total as rounding the summed figure once. Set it to match whatever your accounting system reconciles against.

Each line keeps its own rate, and totals are summed by rate group — never averaged — so the effective rate at the bottom is an output of your mix, not a rate to reuse elsewhere. Country presets are verified reference values (June 2026): selecting one fills the rate, tax label, and suggested currency, all still editable, because a rate no preset carries is simply typed in. India’s preset uses the standard 5% / 18% / 40% slabs, so gold — which typically attracts a separate, lower GST rate — is entered by hand in Basic or Any Two Values mode; the calculator applies whatever rate you give it and will not auto-select a product-specific one.

Canadian GST + PST and CGST/SGST splits each need their own pass

Two taxes charged alongside each other — Canadian GST and PST, each calculated on the same pre-tax price — are two calculations, not one: run that net figure twice, once per rate, and add the results. Genuinely cascading levies, where one tax sits inside another tax’s base, are not modelled at all, and neither are India’s CGST/SGST/IGST splits: compute the combined rate here and split it in whatever software files the return.

Four further limitations are worth naming. There is no legal rate classification: which rate applies to a specific product in a specific country is a question for the tax authority. There is no reverse charge, import tax, input-tax credit, margin scheme, partial exemption, or registration-threshold logic behind the numbers — the tables above explain those mechanisms, but the calculator does not apply them. It is not a filing or bookkeeping tool and does not produce returns or invoices that satisfy local invoicing law. And it cannot find or validate a registration number: a GSTIN or VAT number is looked up on your country’s own tax portal — gst.gov.in in India, for example.

This is an estimate, not a filed computation. For income-side taxes see the income tax calculator; for net pay see the salary & take-home pay calculator.

Sources and methodology

Every country preset is a rate published by that country’s own tax authority or statute, checked individually rather than reproduced from memory, and the add-tax and remove-tax formulas follow HMRC’s own stated method. Each entry names the rate it confirms. Links open in a new tab.

VAT rates - the 20 percent standard, 5 percent reduced and zero rates in the United Kingdom presetHM Revenue and Customs (GOV.UK) · verified 2026-09-01
Charging VAT - the official multiply-by-1.2 and divide-by-1.2 method, which is exactly the add-tax and remove-tax arithmetic this calculator performsHM Revenue and Customs (GOV.UK) · verified 2026-09-01
Value Added Tax - VAT as a staged consumption tax collected along the supply chain but ultimately borne by the final consumer, the model this calculator assumesEuropean Commission, Taxation and Customs Union · verified 2026-09-01
Notification No. 9/2025-Integrated Tax (Rate), 17 September 2025 - notifies 5 per cent (Schedule I), 18 per cent (Schedule II) and 40 per cent (Schedule III), the GST 2.0 slab structure behind the India preset, plus the 3 per cent and 0.25 per cent special ratesMinistry of Finance (Department of Revenue), notified by CBIC · verified 2026-09-01
GST - the single 10 percent goods and services tax rate in the Australia presetAustralian Taxation Office · verified 2026-09-01
GST/HST for businesses - the 5 percent federal GST and the 13 / 14 / 15 percent HST provincial rates in the Canada presetCanada Revenue Agency · verified 2026-09-01
Value Added Tax - the 5 percent standard rate in the United Arab Emirates presetUAE Federal Tax Authority · verified 2026-09-01
Ireland — 23 percent standard rate, with 13.5, 9, 4.8 and 0 percent reduced ratesRevenue (Irish Tax and Customs) · verified 2026-09-01
Germany — 19 percent standard rate and 7 percent reduced rateSection 12, Umsatzsteuergesetz (German VAT Act) · verified 2026-09-01
France — 20 percent standard rate, with 10, 5.5 and 2.1 percent reduced ratesservice-public.gouv.fr (French Government) · verified 2026-09-01
Italy — 22 percent standard rate, with 10, 5 and 4 percent reduced ratesAgenzia delle Entrate · verified 2026-09-01
Spain — 21 percent standard rate, with 10 and 4 percent reduced ratesAgencia Tributaria (AEAT) · verified 2026-09-01
Netherlands — 21 percent standard rate and 9 percent reduced ratebusiness.gov.nl (Netherlands Government) · verified 2026-09-01
Switzerland — 8.1 percent standard, 2.6 percent reduced and 3.8 percent lodging ratesFederal Tax Administration (ESTV) · verified 2026-09-01
New Zealand — 15 percent GST on most goods and servicesInland Revenue (IRD) · verified 2026-09-01
Singapore — 9 percent GSTInland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) · verified 2026-09-01
Japan — 10 percent standard and 8 percent reduced consumption tax ratesNational Tax Agency (NTA) · verified 2026-09-01
Saudi Arabia — 15 percent standard VAT rateZakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) · verified 2026-09-01
Bahrain — 10 percent standard VAT rateNational Bureau for Revenue (NBR) · verified 2026-09-01
South Africa — 15 percent standard VAT rateSouth African Revenue Service (SARS) · verified 2026-09-01
Philippines — 12 percent standard VAT rateBureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) · verified 2026-09-01

Read the guides

For the full walkthrough of net, gross, tax amount, reverse rates, and mixed-rate invoices, see VAT, GST, and Sales Tax Calculations Explained With Examples.

For how this differs from an income-tax estimate and what any tax estimate leaves out, see Why Tax Calculators Are Estimates and When to Check Official Sources.

Tax disclaimer

This calculator is for educational estimation only. It is not tax, legal, accounting, financial, invoicing, or filing advice. VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax rules, rates, exemptions, invoice requirements, reverse charge rules, import/export treatment, reclaim rules, registration thresholds, and filing obligations vary by country and can change. Verify final tax treatment with the official tax authority or a qualified professional.

No official affiliation with any tax authority.How we calculate · Found an error? email us

Learn more

VAT, GST, and Sales Tax Calculations Explained With Examples

How VAT, GST, and sales tax are added to and removed from a price — worked examples covering net, gross, tax amount, reverse rates, and mixed-rate invoices.

Read the guide

Authorship & verification

Created and maintained by Jay Sudha, finance educator.

Formula and examples verified on 14 June 2026
Formula tested against 145 automated cases · last run 13 September 2026
How calculators are verified

What's changed (4 updates)

Published 10 June 2026

Published the VAT/GST calculator: add or remove tax from net or gross prices, solve from any two values, and handle mixed-rate invoices.
Added a downloadable Excel/CSV workbook generated from your inputs.
Added region-specific modes and labels.
Reviewed the formula and assumptions for accuracy.

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