Use this global VAT/GST calculator to add tax to a net price, remove tax from a gross price, find the tax rate, calculate tax-inclusive and tax-exclusive prices, and build mixed-rate invoice totals across VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax systems — with discounts, rounding controls, verified country presets, and a formula-backed XLSX workbook.
VAT, GST, HST & custom tax Any currency Country presets Mixed-rate invoice Formula-backed XLSX Practical interpretation
Educational estimate only — not tax, legal, or filing advice. Verify rates with your tax authority.
To add VAT or GST, multiply the net price by 1 plus the tax rate; to remove it, divide the gross price by the same factor. The tax amount is always Gross − Net, and the rate is Tax ÷ Net × 100. Never subtract the percentage from a tax-inclusive price — $120 at 20% contains $20 of tax (net $100), not $24. For mixed-rate invoices, calculate tax per line item and sum the line taxes.
Basic VAT/GST
$
%
Country presets (VAT & GST around the world) ▾
Selecting a country also sets the tax label (VAT, GST, …) and suggests its currency — both stay editable.
VAT/GST rates change. Always verify the current rate with your local tax authority or accountant.
Rounding settings ▾
Real invoices may round VAT per line or at the invoice total level. This can create small (legitimate) differences of a few cents.
Basic calculation
Net price
$100.00
As entered.
VAT amount
$20.00
Gross − net.
Gross price
$120.00
Net × (1 + rate).
VAT rate
20%
VAT is 16.67% of the gross price.
Gross price breakdown
Net $100.00VAT $20.00= Gross $120.00
Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100) · VAT = Gross − Net
On a net price of $100.00 at 20% VAT, the VAT is $20.00 and the VAT-inclusive price is $120.00.
VAT makes up 16.67% of the gross price — note this is lower than the 20% rate, because the rate applies to the net price, not the gross.
Export your inputs, formulas, invoice rows, tax breakdown, assumptions, and sources — 12 sheets with live Excel formulas.
Quick answers
What is the VAT on £100 at 20%?
£20 — to add VAT or GST, multiply the net price by 1 plus the tax rate: 100 × 1.20 = £120 gross, of which £20 is tax. The same one-step multiplication works for any rate and currency.
How do I work out the price before VAT or GST?
To remove VAT or GST, divide the gross price by 1 plus the tax rate — never subtract the percentage. $110 at 10% GST is 110 ÷ 1.10 = $100 net; £120 at 20% VAT is 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net.
How do I find what tax rate was charged?
Rate = (Gross − Net) ÷ Net × 100. If something costs 200 before tax and 236 after, the tax is 36 and the implied rate is 18% — a quick way to audit a supplier’s invoice.
How is tax calculated on a mixed-rate invoice?
Per line item: each line’s tax = line net × that line’s rate, and the invoice tax is the sum of the line taxes. Never average the rates or apply one rate to the invoice total when rates differ.
Add or remove VAT, GST, HST, or consumption tax
Pick a mode. Choose Basic VAT/GST (add or remove), Any Two Values, Find the Rate, or Invoice VAT/GST at the top of the calculator.
Set the tax label, currency, and rate. Pick VAT, GST, HST, Consumption Tax, or a custom label; choose from thirteen currencies (or set a custom symbol); then type a rate or load a verified country preset — selecting a country also sets its label and suggests its currency.
Enter your amounts. In Basic mode enter one amount and an optional discount (percentage or fixed, applied before tax). In Any Two Values enter exactly two of net, tax, gross, and rate. In Invoice mode add line items with quantity, unit price, optional discount, and a per-line rate.
Adjust rounding if needed. Open Rounding settings to switch between 2–4 decimal places, standard/up/down rounding, and — for invoices — per-line vs invoice-total tax rounding.
Read the results. Large cards show net, tax, gross, and the rate, with the formula used, a gross-price breakdown bar, a by-rate invoice summary, and a plain-English interpretation. Validation messages explain anything inconsistent instead of guessing.
Download the workbook. Click “Download VAT/GST XLSX” for a 12-sheet Excel file with live formulas — summary, basic calculation, the solver, the rate finder, invoice lines, a tax-rate summary, a rounding comparison, country presets, formulas, assumptions, disclaimer, and sources.
VAT/GST formulas
Add tax
Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100)
The rate applies to the NET price — VAT and GST alike.
Tax amount
Tax = Gross − Net
Always the difference between the two prices.
Remove tax
Net = Gross ÷ (1 + Rate ÷ 100)
Division — never subtract the rate from the gross.
Find the rate
Rate = Tax ÷ Net × 100
Tax = Gross − Net when you know both prices.
Discount before tax
Taxable = Amount − Discount
Tax is calculated on the discounted net.
Invoice line tax
Line Tax = (Qty × Unit − Discount) × Rate ÷ 100
Each line uses its OWN rate.
Invoice total tax
Total Tax = Σ Line Tax
Per line — never one rate × invoice total when rates differ.
Effective rate
Effective Rate = Total Tax ÷ Total Net × 100
The net-weighted blend of the line rates.
Tax share of gross
Share = Tax ÷ Gross × 100
20% VAT is only 16.67% of the gross price.
VAT vs GST: what is the difference?
What this VAT/GST calculator does
This is one global calculator for every consumption tax that works as a percentage of the price: VAT (Value Added Tax), GST (Goods and Services Tax), Canada’s HST, Japan’s consumption tax, and any custom-labelled equivalent. They all share the same core arithmetic — Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100), Tax = Gross − Net — so one engine serves them all, and the tax-label selector simply renames every output to match your system.
It used to be two pages — a VAT calculator and a GST calculator — but because the maths and the user intent overlap almost completely, they are now merged into this single, stronger page. The old GST calculator address redirects here permanently, with the GST label pre-selected.
VAT vs GST vs HST vs consumption tax
VAT and GST are the same economic mechanism under different names: a staged tax collected at every point in the supply chain, with each business reclaiming the tax it paid on inputs, so the burden lands on the final consumer. The EU, UK, and Gulf states say VAT; Australia (10%), New Zealand (15%), Singapore (9%), India, and Canada say GST; Japan calls its 10% version a consumption tax.
HST — Harmonized Sales Tax — is Canada’s combined version: in provinces like Ontario (13%), Nova Scotia (14%), and New Brunswick/Newfoundland/PEI (15%), the 5% federal GST and the provincial portion are collected as one tax. Structurally it behaves exactly like VAT/GST in price calculations, which is why it is just a label here. The differences that matter between all these systems are legal — rates, exemptions, invoice requirements, registration thresholds, filing — not arithmetic.
Tax-exclusive vs tax-inclusive prices
A tax-exclusive (net) price is what the seller keeps; a tax-inclusive (gross) price is what the customer pays. Which one a sticker shows is a legal convention: VAT/GST countries generally quote consumer prices tax-inclusive, while business-to-business quotes and US-style sales-tax prices are usually tax-exclusive.
Every mode of this calculator is a way of moving between those two prices and the rate that links them: add tax (net → gross), remove tax (gross → net), find the rate (both → rate), or solve from any two known values.
How to add VAT or GST
To go from a net price to a tax-inclusive price, multiply by one plus the rate: Gross = Net × (1 + Rate ÷ 100). At the UK’s 20% VAT, a £250 net price becomes £300; at Australia’s 10% GST, a $250 net price becomes $275. HMRC’s guidance describes exactly this multiply-by-1.2 method for the UK rate.
The tax amount itself is Net × Rate ÷ 100 — a percentage of the net, not of the final price. That asymmetry is the root of the classic removal mistake below.
How to remove VAT or GST
To extract the net from a tax-inclusive price, divide by one plus the rate: Net = Gross ÷ (1 + Rate ÷ 100). A €119 German receipt at 19% contains €100 net and €19 VAT; a NZ$115 receipt at 15% GST contains NZ$100 net and NZ$15 GST.
This reverse calculation is what you need when a receipt only shows the total, when you reclaim input tax, or when a marketplace quotes consumer prices and you need the ex-tax figure for your accounts.
Why you should not subtract the rate from a tax-inclusive price
The classic mistake: £120 − 20% = £96 is wrong, because the £20 of VAT was charged on the £100 net, not on the £120 gross. Subtracting 20% takes off £24 — too much. The correct move is division: 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100. The same trap exists for GST: $110 − 10% = $99, but the true net is $100.
A sanity check that always works: run the maths forward again. £96 × 1.20 = £115.20 ≠ £120, which proves the subtraction was wrong; £100 × 1.20 = £120 closes exactly.
How to find the tax rate from net and gross
If you know both prices, the implied rate is Rate = (Gross − Net) ÷ Net × 100. From 200 net to 236 gross: tax is 36, and 36 ÷ 200 = 18%. The Find the Rate mode does this directly — and if you have a country preset selected, it warns when the implied rate does not match any standard rate for that country.
If the implied rate is not one your country actually uses, something else is buried in the prices — a fee, a discount applied after tax, or a different levy entirely.
How mixed-rate invoices should be calculated
A single invoice can carry lines at different rates — a UK grocery order with 20%, 5%, and zero-rated items, or an Indian invoice mixing 18% services with 5% goods. Tax must then be computed per line and summed; applying any single rate (or the average rate) to the invoice total is wrong.
The Invoice mode supports a different rate on every line, totals each rate group separately (never averaging), and reports the effective rate of the whole invoice — which is an output of this particular mix, not a reusable rate.
Discounts: before tax vs after tax
A trade discount normally applies before tax: the discount reduces the net, and tax is calculated on the discounted amount. A 10% discount on a £100 item at 20% VAT gives £90 net, £18 VAT, £108 total. The customer total happens to equal £120 minus £12 — but the VAT is £18 on the £90 discounted net, not £20 on £100, and that difference is exactly what matters for the invoice and for the VAT accounted to the tax authority. That is how this calculator’s discount fields work, both in Basic mode and per invoice line.
Some promotions instead refund part of the tax-inclusive price after tax has been applied (e.g. a voucher at the till). Tax treatment of after-tax adjustments varies by country and situation — model them carefully and verify the rule with your tax authority if it affects an actual invoice.
Rounding rules
Real invoices round. The choices that matter: how many decimals (2 is typical for cents; 3–4 appear in fuel and unit pricing), which direction (standard, always up, always down — some authorities specify), and at what level (round each line’s tax and sum, or sum the exact tax and round once at the total).
Per-line and invoice-total rounding can legitimately disagree by a few cents on the same invoice — which is the usual explanation when your figure differs slightly from a supplier’s. The Rounding settings control all three choices, the invoice results show both conventions and their difference, and the workbook’s Rounding Comparison sheet lets you flip methods with live dropdowns.
Country presets and rate verification
The presets cover 18 countries and regions, each individually verified against official sources in June 2026 (see the table and Sources below). Selecting one sets the standard rate, the right tax label (VAT, GST, HST, or consumption tax), and suggests the local currency — all of it stays editable, because presets are reference values, not legal classifications.
Rates change — through budgets, reforms, and temporary measures. Always verify the current rate with your tax authority or accountant before relying on a preset for invoicing or compliance.
What this calculator does not do
It does not file returns, track input-tax credits, handle reverse-charge or import tax mechanics, check registration thresholds, or know which rate legally applies to a specific product in a specific country. Taxes charged alongside each other — like Canadian GST plus a provincial sales tax, each calculated on the pre-tax price — need a separate calculation per tax.
Everything runs in your browser: no amounts you type are sent to any server, and the Excel export is generated locally on your device.
When to talk to a professional
Use an accountant or the official tax authority when the answer affects compliance: registering for VAT/GST, choosing rates for your products, cross-border sales, reverse-charge supplies, partial exemption, or filing. A calculator is for understanding and checking arithmetic — the authoritative answer always comes from the law and your tax authority’s guidance.
GST notes by country
Merged from the former GST Calculator page — country-specific GST context for the presets. Educational only; the calculator itself stays a global price-arithmetic tool.
India
India’s GST uses multiple slabs — since the September 2025 “GST 2.0” reform: 5% merit and 18% standard, 0% for exempt items, and a 40% rate on selected luxury/sin goods (special 3% gold and 0.25% rough-diamond rates continue). Use the India preset (₹, GST label) and per-line rates for mixed-slab invoices.
India GST has extra compliance concepts such as CGST, SGST, IGST, input tax credit, reverse charge, place of supply, and composition scheme. This global calculator handles price arithmetic and invoice estimates only — verify final GST treatment with official sources (gst.gov.in) or a qualified professional. For the curious: on an intra-state sale the GST splits into equal central (CGST) and state (SGST) halves — 18% = 9% + 9% — while an inter-state sale charges the whole amount as IGST. The total tax you calculate here is that combined figure; the split is an administrative allocation, not a different amount.
Australia & New Zealand
Australia charges a single 10% GST with many GST-free (zero-rated) categories — basic food, health, education, exports. New Zealand’s 15% GST is famously broad: almost everything is taxed, with few exceptions. Both quote consumer prices GST-inclusive, so the remove-GST mode (divide by 1.10 or 1.15) is the everyday calculation.
Singapore & Canada
Singapore’s GST has been 9% since January 2024, with zero-rating for exports and international services. Canada layers taxes: a 5% federal GST everywhere, harmonised into HST (13–15%) in some provinces, with separate provincial sales taxes in others — pick the HST label and the combined rate for HST provinces, or calculate the layers separately where they are distinct.
Country VAT/GST rate presets
Reference rates behind the calculator presets, individually verified against official sources in June 2026 (see Sources below). Rates change — always confirm with the official tax authority before using a figure for invoicing, filing, or compliance.
Country / region
Tax
Standard
Other rates
Notes
United Kingdom
VAT
20%
5%, 0%
Standard 20%, reduced 5% (e.g. home energy), zero-rated 0% (most food, children’s clothes).
Ireland
VAT
23%
13.5%, 9%, 4.8%, 0%
Standard 23% plus 13.5%, 9%, 4.8% (livestock), and 0% rates. Hospitality food moves 13.5% → 9% from 1 Jul 2026.
Germany
VAT
19%
7%
Standard 19%, reduced 7% (from 2026 restaurant food is 7%; drinks stay 19%).
France
VAT
20%
10%, 5.5%, 2.1%
Standard 20% with 10%, 5.5%, and 2.1% reduced rates. Corsica and overseas departments differ.
Italy
VAT
22%
10%, 5%, 4%
Standard 22% with 10%, 5%, and 4% reduced rates.
Spain
VAT
21%
10%, 4%, 0%
Standard 21%, reduced 10%, super-reduced 4%, 0% on certain supplies. Canary Islands use IGIC instead.
Netherlands
VAT
21%
9%, 0%
Standard 21%, reduced 9%, 0% for exports/intra-EU. Hotel stays moved to 21% in 2026.
Single 10% GST; many items GST-free (basic food, health, education, exports).
New Zealand
GST
15%
0%
15% GST on most goods and services; some supplies zero-rated (e.g. exports).
Singapore
GST
9%
0%
9% GST (since 1 Jan 2024); exports and international services zero-rated.
Japan
Consumption tax
10%
8%
10% standard, 8% reduced (food and drink excl. alcohol and dining out, subscription newspapers).
India
GST
18%
5%, 0%, 40%
GST 2.0 (22 Sep 2025): 18% standard and 5% merit slabs, 0% exempt, 40% on selected luxury/sin goods — replacing the old 5/12/18/28 structure. Special 3% gold and 0.25% rough-diamond rates continue.
United Arab Emirates
VAT
5%
0%
5% standard since 2018; exports and some sectors zero-rated.
Saudi Arabia
VAT
15%
0%
15% standard since July 2020 (no 2025–2026 change); some supplies zero-rated.
Bahrain
VAT
10%
0%
10% standard since 2022; some supplies zero-rated. Use a custom currency symbol for Bahraini dinar.
Canada (federal GST)
GST/HST
5%
13%, 14%, 15%
Federal GST 5%. HST provinces: Ontario 13%, Nova Scotia 14% (since Apr 2025), NB/NL/PEI 15%. Separate provincial sales taxes elsewhere.
South Africa
VAT
15%
0%
15% standard — the 2025 proposed increase to 15.5% was withdrawn; listed basic foods zero-rated.
Worked examples
1. Adding 20% VAT to 100
Net price 100, VAT rate 20%. VAT = 100 × 20 ÷ 100 = 20; gross = 120. Check it backwards: 120 ÷ 1.20 returns the 100 net exactly.
2. Removing 20% VAT from 120
Gross price 120, VAT rate 20%. Net = 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100; VAT = 20. The wrong way — subtracting 20% of 120 — would give 96 and fail the round-trip test (96 × 1.20 = 115.20 ≠ 120).
3. Adding 10% GST to 100
Net price $100, GST rate 10% (Australia). GST = $10; gross = 100 × 1.10 = $110. Note GST is 10% of the net but only 9.09% of the gross.
4. Removing 10% GST from 110
GST-inclusive price $110 at 10%. Net = 110 ÷ 1.10 = $100; GST = $10. Subtracting 10% would wrongly give $99.
Item A: 100 at 20% → tax 20. Item B: 50 at 5% → tax 2.50. Item C: 80 at 10% → tax 8. Totals: net 230, tax 30.50, gross 260.50; effective rate 30.50 ÷ 230 ≈ 13.26% — an output of this mix, never a rate to reuse.
7. Discount before tax
Item £100 with a 10% discount at 20% VAT: taxable value = 100 − 10 = £90; VAT = £18; total = £108. The customer pays the same as £120 − £12, but the invoice must show £18 of VAT on the £90 net — not £20 on £100 — because trade discounts reduce the taxable value before VAT is calculated. The VAT line, not the customer total, is what the tax authority sees.
8. India GST preset (₹)
An invoice with services of ₹10,000 at 18% and goods of ₹750 at 5%: GST = 1,800 + 37.50 = ₹1,837.50; total ₹12,587.50. On an intra-state sale that GST would be allocated as CGST ₹918.75 + SGST ₹918.75 — the same total, split administratively. This calculator reports the combined figure; compliance details (ITC, reverse charge, place of supply) are out of scope.
All examples are educational illustrations using the stated rates — real rates and treatment depend on your country’s rules.
Limitations and tax disclaimer
Assumptions
VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax are modelled as a simple percentage of the net amount — the standard credit-invoice mechanism; the tax label changes wording only, never the maths.
Discounts apply before tax, reducing the taxable value (Basic mode and per invoice line).
Rounding follows your settings exactly (2–4 decimals; standard, up, or down; per line or invoice total), matching Excel’s ROUND, ROUNDUP, and ROUNDDOWN.
Country presets are verified reference values (June 2026) — selecting one fills the rate, label, and suggested currency, all editable.
Limitations
No legal rate classification: which rate applies to a specific product in a specific country is a question for the tax authority.
No reverse charge, import tax, input-tax credits, margin schemes, partial exemption, CGST/SGST/IGST splits, or registration-threshold logic.
Not a filing or bookkeeping tool — it does not produce returns or invoices that satisfy local invoicing law.
Taxes charged alongside each other (e.g. Canadian GST + PST, each calculated on the pre-tax price) need a separate calculation per tax; genuinely cascading levies (a tax included in another tax’s base) are not modelled.
Multiply the net price by (1 + VAT rate ÷ 100). Example: £100 at 20% VAT → 100 × 1.20 = £120 gross, with £20 of VAT. The calculator’s Basic mode does this and also shows the formula and a breakdown bar.
How do I remove VAT from a gross price?
Divide the gross price by (1 + VAT rate ÷ 100). Example: £120 at 20% → 120 ÷ 1.20 = £100 net, £20 VAT. Division reverses the multiplication that added the VAT — subtracting 20% would wrongly give £96.
How do I add GST to a price?
The same arithmetic as VAT: multiply by (1 + GST rate ÷ 100). At Australia’s 10% GST, $100 becomes 100 × 1.10 = $110 with $10 GST; at New Zealand’s 15%, $100 becomes $115. Select GST in the tax-label dropdown and every label updates.
How do I remove GST from a GST-inclusive price?
Divide by (1 + GST rate ÷ 100). A $110 GST-inclusive price at 10% is 110 ÷ 1.10 = $100 net with $10 GST. Subtracting 10% would wrongly give $99 — the rate was charged on the net, not the gross.
Is VAT the same as GST?
Economically yes — both are staged consumption taxes with input-tax credits, and they use identical price arithmetic, which is why this one calculator serves both. Legally no — rates, exemptions, invoice requirements, registration thresholds, and filing rules differ by country, and some GST systems (like India’s) add concepts such as CGST/SGST splits that VAT systems don’t have.
What is HST?
Harmonized Sales Tax — Canada’s combined federal-plus-provincial tax, collected as one: 13% in Ontario, 14% in Nova Scotia, 15% in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and PEI. In price calculations it behaves exactly like VAT/GST at the combined rate, so pick the HST label and the combined rate here.
Can I calculate mixed VAT or GST rates on one invoice?
Yes — the Invoice mode gives every line its own rate, calculates tax per line, sums by rate group (never averaging), and reports the effective rate of the whole invoice. Applying one rate to a mixed invoice total is the calculation error the per-line structure exists to prevent.
Does a discount apply before or after VAT/GST?
Trade discounts normally apply before tax: the discount reduces the net and tax is calculated on the discounted amount. A 10% discount on £100 at 20% VAT gives £90 net + £18 VAT = £108. This calculator’s discount fields (Basic mode and per invoice line) work that way; after-tax adjustments vary by country and need verifying for real invoices.
Why is VAT/GST not the same percentage of the gross price?
Because the rate applies to the net. At 20%, the tax is 20% of the net but only 16.67% of the gross (20 ÷ 120); at 10% GST it is 9.09% of the gross. That asymmetry is exactly why removing tax requires division rather than subtracting the rate.
Can I download the VAT/GST calculation as XLSX?
Yes — “Download VAT/GST XLSX” exports a 12-sheet workbook built from your current inputs: summary, basic calculation, any-two-values solver, rate finder, invoice line items, a tax-rate summary, a rounding comparison with working dropdowns, country presets, formulas, assumptions, disclaimer, and sources. Formulas are live, and the labels match the tax label you selected.
Is this calculator suitable for tax filing?
No. It is an educational price-arithmetic tool: it does not handle registration, input-tax credits, reverse charge, place-of-supply rules, or return filing, and the country presets are reference values rather than legal classifications. Verify final tax treatment with the official tax authority or a qualified professional.
Why was the GST Calculator merged into this page?
Because VAT and GST share the same price arithmetic and almost the same user intent — add tax, remove tax, find the rate, build an invoice. One global page with a tax-label selector serves both better than two overlapping pages. The old GST Calculator URL now permanently redirects here with the GST label pre-selected, and its useful content lives in the GST notes section above.
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Sources & methodology
The calculator applies the standard consumption-tax identities (Gross = Net × (1 + rate), Tax = Gross − Net, rate = Tax ÷ Net) exactly as described in official guidance such as HMRC’s charging-VAT method, computes invoice tax per line item, applies discounts before tax, and reproduces Excel’s ROUND / ROUNDUP / ROUNDDOWN semantics so the exported workbook matches the page. The tax label (VAT/GST/HST/custom) changes wording only. Country preset rates were individually verified against the official sources below in June 2026; where an authority’s site blocks automated access, the rate was cross-checked against two reputable secondary sources. Calculator Matters is an independent project with no affiliation to any tax authority. Rates change — verify before relying on any preset. Links open in a new tab.
South Africa — South African Revenue Service (SARS)
Last reviewed: 14 June 2026. Formula and assumptions reviewed for accuracy. First published 10 June 2026.
Tax disclaimer
This calculator is for educational estimation only. It is not tax, legal, accounting, financial, invoicing, or filing advice. VAT, GST, HST, and consumption tax rules, rates, exemptions, invoice requirements, reverse charge rules, import/export treatment, reclaim rules, registration thresholds, and filing obligations vary by country and can change. Verify final tax treatment with the official tax authority or a qualified professional.
Built and maintained by Calculator Matters, an independent calculator project with no official affiliation to any tax authority. Preset rates verified against the official sources above; the arithmetic reviewed against HMRC’s published method · Last reviewed 14 June 2026 · How we calculate · Found an error? [email protected]
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