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Statistics & Probability Formula Verification

177 of the 177 published statistics & probability calculators have an automated formula test suite. Each row gives one calculator's passing cases and the kinds of check behind them.

Last updated 16 September 2026

Part of the math section of the formula verification report, which explains what each kind of case tests and what the counts do not prove. Rows run from the largest suite to the smallest, and each row's address ends in the calculator's slug. The test file behind every row is in the machine-readable report.

Every statistics & probability calculator, with its case mix

Automated formula-test coverage for the Statistics & Probability calculators: passing cases and case mix per calculator
CalculatorCasesCase mix
Multinomial Logistic Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Negative Binomial Regression Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Ordinal Regression Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Quantile Regression Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Tobit Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Zero-Inflated Calculator49052 independent · 14 golden · 19 boundary · 295 property · 110 structural
Cross-Validation Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Elastic Net Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Lasso Regression Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Partial Least Squares Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Principal Component Regression Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Ridge Regression Calculator39526 independent · 35 golden · 14 boundary · 239 property · 81 structural
Confidence Interval Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
Critical Value Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
Margin of Error Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
p-value Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
Sample Size Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
Standard Error Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
t-test Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
z-test Calculator28631 independent · 106 golden · 22 boundary · 118 property · 9 structural
Beta Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Binomial Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Empirical Rule Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Exponential Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Geometric Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Hypergeometric Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Lognormal Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Negative Binomial Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Normal Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Poisson Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Uniform Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Weibull Distribution Calculator21920 independent · 73 golden · 10 boundary · 112 property · 4 structural
Exponential Regression Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Logarithmic Regression Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Power Regression Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Quadratic Regression Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Residual Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Sum of Squares Calculator1885 independent · 144 golden · 19 boundary · 10 property · 10 structural
Bayes' Theorem Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Birthday Paradox Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Conditional Probability Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Expected Value Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Monty Hall Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Probability Calculator16941 independent · 51 golden · 21 boundary · 37 property · 19 structural
Five Number Summary Calculator1403 independent · 52 golden · 57 boundary · 6 property · 22 structural
IQR Calculator1403 independent · 52 golden · 57 boundary · 6 property · 22 structural
Percentile Calculator1403 independent · 52 golden · 57 boundary · 6 property · 22 structural
Quartile Calculator1403 independent · 52 golden · 57 boundary · 6 property · 22 structural
Cliff's Delta Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
Egger's Test Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
Fleiss' Kappa Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
Hedges' g Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
I² Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
Meta-Analysis Calculator13418 independent · 10 golden · 26 boundary · 32 property · 48 structural
Exponential Smoothing Calculator13010 independent · 28 golden · 12 boundary · 40 property · 40 structural
Midrange Calculator13010 independent · 28 golden · 12 boundary · 40 property · 40 structural
Moving Average Calculator13010 independent · 28 golden · 12 boundary · 40 property · 40 structural
Trimmed Mean Calculator13010 independent · 28 golden · 12 boundary · 40 property · 40 structural
Cluster Sample Size Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Competing Risks Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Cox Regression Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Design Effect Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Mixed Model Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Survival Sample Size Calculator1289 independent · 15 golden · 16 boundary · 14 property · 74 structural
Linear Regression Calculator1195 independent · 74 golden · 20 boundary · 7 property · 13 structural
Attributable Risk Calculator11513 independent · 36 golden · 29 boundary · 10 property · 27 structural
Incidence Rate Calculator11513 independent · 36 golden · 29 boundary · 10 property · 27 structural
Kruskal-Wallis Calculator11517 independent · 24 golden · 29 boundary · 31 property · 14 structural
Likelihood Ratio Calculator11513 independent · 36 golden · 29 boundary · 10 property · 27 structural
Mann-Whitney U Calculator11517 independent · 24 golden · 29 boundary · 31 property · 14 structural
One-Way ANOVA Calculator11517 independent · 24 golden · 29 boundary · 31 property · 14 structural
ROC Curve & AUC Calculator11513 independent · 36 golden · 29 boundary · 10 property · 27 structural
Standardized Mortality Ratio Calculator11513 independent · 36 golden · 29 boundary · 10 property · 27 structural
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Calculator11517 independent · 24 golden · 29 boundary · 31 property · 14 structural
Bland-Altman Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
Breusch-Pagan Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
Concordance Correlation Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
Cook's Distance Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
Deming Regression Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
Gauge R&R Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
Influence Diagnostics Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
Leverage Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
Passing-Bablok Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
Theil-Sen Calculator1035 independent · 15 golden · 15 boundary · 18 property · 50 structural
VIF Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
White Test Calculator1036 independent · 9 golden · 16 boundary · 23 property · 49 structural
Brier Score Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Cosine Similarity Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Gini Coefficient Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Herfindahl Index Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Hosmer-Lemeshow Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Jaccard Index Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Log Loss Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Logistic Regression Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Mutual Information Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Odds Ratio to Risk Ratio Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Poisson Regression Calculator1006 independent · 17 golden · 16 boundary · 18 property · 43 structural
Shannon Entropy Calculator10010 independent · 28 golden · 31 boundary · 8 property · 23 structural
Dunnett's Test Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Eta Squared Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Games-Howell Test Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Omega Squared Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Repeated Measures ANOVA Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Two-Way ANOVA Calculator9615 independent · 31 golden · 14 boundary · 9 property · 27 structural
Bootstrap Confidence Interval Calculator957 independent · 31 golden · 23 boundary · 9 property · 25 structural
Permutation Test Calculator957 independent · 31 golden · 23 boundary · 9 property · 25 structural
Prediction Interval Calculator957 independent · 31 golden · 23 boundary · 9 property · 25 structural
Tolerance Interval Calculator957 independent · 31 golden · 23 boundary · 9 property · 25 structural
Percent Error Calculator9234 golden · 31 boundary · 6 property · 21 structural
Covariance Matrix Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Distance Correlation Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Hotelling T-Squared Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Mahalanobis Distance Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Multiple Correlation Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Partial Correlation Calculator904 independent · 13 golden · 14 boundary · 16 property · 43 structural
Hazard Ratio Calculator8712 independent · 28 golden · 21 boundary · 6 property · 20 structural
Kaplan-Meier Calculator8712 independent · 28 golden · 21 boundary · 6 property · 20 structural
Life Table Calculator8712 independent · 28 golden · 21 boundary · 6 property · 20 structural
Log-Rank Test Calculator8712 independent · 28 golden · 21 boundary · 6 property · 20 structural
Equivalence Test Calculator (TOST)8611 independent · 26 golden · 12 boundary · 20 property · 17 structural
McNemar's Test Calculator8611 independent · 26 golden · 12 boundary · 20 property · 17 structural
Sign Test Calculator8611 independent · 26 golden · 12 boundary · 20 property · 17 structural
Correlation Coefficient Calculator7911 independent · 23 golden · 7 boundary · 35 property · 3 structural
Covariance Calculator7911 independent · 23 golden · 7 boundary · 35 property · 3 structural
Error Function Calculator7611 independent · 31 golden · 21 boundary · 3 property · 10 structural
Gamma Function Calculator7611 independent · 31 golden · 21 boundary · 3 property · 10 structural
Frequency Distribution Calculator759 independent · 31 golden · 11 boundary · 15 property · 9 structural
Gamma Distribution Calculator7513 independent · 18 golden · 25 property · 19 structural
Laplace Distribution Calculator7513 independent · 18 golden · 25 property · 19 structural
Mean Absolute Deviation Calculator759 independent · 31 golden · 11 boundary · 15 property · 9 structural
Number Needed to Treat Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
One-Proportion Z-Test Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
Relative Risk Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
Sensitivity and Specificity Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
Two-Proportion Z-Test Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
Wilson Score Interval Calculator7513 independent · 13 golden · 29 property · 20 structural
Mean, Median and Mode Calculator7315 independent · 14 golden · 7 boundary · 35 property · 2 structural
Variance Calculator7315 independent · 14 golden · 7 boundary · 35 property · 2 structural
Z-Score Calculator7315 independent · 14 golden · 7 boundary · 35 property · 2 structural
Cramer's V Calculator696 independent · 19 golden · 18 property · 26 structural
Cronbach's Alpha Calculator696 independent · 19 golden · 18 property · 26 structural
Friedman Test Calculator6915 independent · 20 golden · 13 property · 21 structural
Goodness of Fit Calculator6915 independent · 20 golden · 13 property · 21 structural
Intraclass Correlation Calculator696 independent · 19 golden · 18 property · 26 structural
Phi Coefficient Calculator696 independent · 19 golden · 18 property · 26 structural
Point-Biserial Correlation Calculator696 independent · 19 golden · 18 property · 26 structural
Runs Test Calculator6915 independent · 20 golden · 13 property · 21 structural
Standard Deviation Calculator686 independent · 33 golden · 20 boundary · 6 property · 3 structural
Cohen's Kappa Calculator673 independent · 31 golden · 11 boundary · 15 property · 7 structural
Kendall Tau Calculator673 independent · 31 golden · 11 boundary · 15 property · 7 structural
Spearman Correlation Calculator673 independent · 31 golden · 11 boundary · 15 property · 7 structural
Kurtosis Calculator628 independent · 10 golden · 12 boundary · 29 property · 3 structural
Skewness Calculator628 independent · 10 golden · 12 boundary · 29 property · 3 structural
Geometric Mean Calculator616 independent · 24 golden · 14 boundary · 3 property · 14 structural
Harmonic Mean Calculator616 independent · 24 golden · 14 boundary · 3 property · 14 structural
Root Mean Square Calculator616 independent · 24 golden · 14 boundary · 3 property · 14 structural
Weighted Average Calculator616 independent · 24 golden · 14 boundary · 3 property · 14 structural
F-Distribution Calculator599 independent · 16 golden · 10 boundary · 11 property · 13 structural
Statistical Power Calculator599 independent · 16 golden · 10 boundary · 11 property · 13 structural
t-Distribution Calculator599 independent · 16 golden · 10 boundary · 11 property · 13 structural
Central Limit Theorem Calculator5415 independent · 12 golden · 8 boundary · 16 property · 3 structural
Multiple Regression Calculator5413 independent · 17 golden · 12 property · 12 structural
Bartlett's Test Calculator5311 independent · 13 golden · 15 property · 14 structural
F-Test Calculator5311 independent · 13 golden · 15 property · 14 structural
Levene's Test Calculator5311 independent · 13 golden · 15 property · 14 structural
Fisher's Exact Test Calculator519 independent · 16 golden · 8 boundary · 10 property · 8 structural
Outlier Calculator5010 independent · 7 golden · 8 boundary · 8 property · 17 structural
Effect Size Calculator4917 independent · 9 golden · 10 boundary · 13 property
Odds Ratio Calculator4917 independent · 9 golden · 10 boundary · 13 property
Bonferroni Correction Calculator474 independent · 14 golden · 11 boundary · 12 property · 6 structural
Tukey HSD Calculator474 independent · 14 golden · 11 boundary · 12 property · 6 structural
Normality Test Calculator4414 independent · 8 golden · 7 property · 15 structural
Binomial Coefficient Calculator415 independent · 15 golden · 9 boundary · 1 property · 11 structural
Simpson's Paradox Calculator4020 golden · 7 boundary · 7 property · 6 structural
Cpk Calculator398 independent · 11 golden · 7 boundary · 5 property · 8 structural
Coefficient of Determination Calculator377 independent · 7 golden · 9 boundary · 9 property · 5 structural
Chi-Square Calculator312 independent · 11 golden · 7 boundary · 11 property
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Questions about this policy?Published by Calculator Matters (calculatormatters.com). Last reviewed 16 September 2026. Created and maintained by Jay Sudha (about Calculator Matters). These pages are reviewed regularly, and questions are always welcome.
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