Business · pricing & demand

Price Elasticity of Demand Calculator

Measure how demand changes when price changes — then test whether a price increase or discount is likely to raise revenue, protect profit, and suit your costs.

Formula-backed Revenue & profit impact Scenario simulator Midpoint + simple PED 10-sheet XLSX Works on any device

Formula shown · assumptions stated.

Price elasticity of demand measures how much quantity demanded changes when price changes. It is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. A value above 1 means demand is elastic, below 1 means inelastic, and around 1 means unit elastic.

$
$

Elasticity (PED)

-1.7027

midpoint method

Type

Elastic

|PED| = 1.7027

Revenue change

−6.5%

−$6,500.00

Direction

Price ↑ hurt

Price increase hurt revenue

Two demand points

Quantity →Price →

Revenue impact

Before$100,000.00
After$93,500.00

Elasticity gauge

0 · inelastic1 · unit3+ · elastic

Demand appears elastic: quantity changed more than price. Customers are relatively price-sensitive, so a price increase can cut units sharply and a discount can lift them meaningfully — check profit before discounting.

Download the pricing workbook — from your current inputs

A 10-sheet Excel workbook with live formulas. Projections are estimates based on your inputs — not guaranteed outcomes.

How to read your result

Your elasticity value classifies into three bands. |PED| above 1 means demand is elastic — quantity moves more than price, so a price increase tends to cut revenue and a discount tends to raise it (check profit too: more units at a lower margin can still shrink profit). |PED| below 1 means demand is inelastic — quantity moves less than price, so a price increase tends to raise revenue, though long-term churn or customer satisfaction is worth watching. |PED| near 1 is unit elastic — revenue stays roughly flat either way, so the decision should turn on profit and customer mix rather than revenue. The sign is usually negative, since price and quantity normally move in opposite directions; business interpretation typically uses the absolute value. Revenue is only half the picture — a discount that lifts revenue can still cut profit once costs are counted, which is what the pricing simulator and scenario modes are for.

The midpoint elasticity formula

Midpoint (arc) PED

[(Q2−Q1)/((Q1+Q2)/2)] ÷ [(P2−P1)/((P1+P2)/2)]

Recommended — same result whether price rises or falls.

Simple PED

(% change in quantity) ÷ (% change in price)

Uses the initial values as the base.

Revenue

Revenue = Price × Quantity

Compare revenue before and after the price change.

Estimated quantity

Q = Current × (1 + elasticity × %ΔP)

Elasticity is usually negative, so a price rise lowers quantity.

Worked example

Price rises from 100 to 110 and units sold fall from 1,000 to 850.

Midpoint PED = (−150 ÷ 925) ÷ (10 ÷ 105) ≈ −1.70 — demand is elastic, since |PED| is above 1.

Revenue before = 100 × 1,000 = 100,000. Revenue after = 110 × 850 = 93,500 — the price increase hurt revenue, exactly what elastic demand predicts. Whether profit also fell depends on the margin gained on each remaining unit; the pricing simulator answers that from your costs.

Limitations

Elasticity uses the midpoint (arc) formula by default, with a simple-percentage option. The simulator projects quantity as current × (1 + elasticity × % price change), capped at zero, then computes revenue and gross profit.

  • Elasticity can change at different price ranges; a single value is a local estimate, and moves over 30% are less reliable.
  • Past demand does not guarantee future demand; competitors and seasonality matter.
  • SaaS churn response differs from one-time-purchase elasticity.
  • Profit decisions need cost data, not just revenue.
  • This is an educational/planning tool, not financial, tax, or business advice.

Frequently asked questions

What is price elasticity of demand?

It measures how much quantity demanded changes when price changes — the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price.

How do you calculate price elasticity of demand?

Divide the percentage change in quantity demanded by the percentage change in price. The midpoint method uses the average of the two prices and quantities as the base, and gives the same result whether price rises or falls between the two points.

What does elastic demand mean?

Demand is elastic when |PED| is greater than 1 — quantity changes more than price, so customers are relatively price-sensitive. A price increase can cut revenue; a discount can raise it, though profit needs checking separately.

What does inelastic demand mean?

Demand is inelastic when |PED| is less than 1 — quantity changes less than price. A price increase tends to raise revenue here, though long-term churn or customer satisfaction is worth watching.

Does raising price increase revenue?

If demand is inelastic, raising price usually increases revenue. If demand is elastic, raising price usually reduces revenue. If unit elastic (|PED| ≈ 1), revenue stays broadly the same either way.

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Read the guide

There is no dedicated price elasticity guide yet. For the pricing math elasticity interacts with, see Profit Margin vs Markup vs Break-Even: The Difference Explained.

Pricing & business disclaimer

This calculator is for educational and planning purposes only. It does not guarantee customer behaviour, revenue, profit, or business outcomes. Real pricing decisions should consider competitors, costs, taxes, customer segments, brand strength, inventory, seasonality, and legal/compliance requirements.

Sources: OpenStax (Rice University), Investopedia, Khan Academy. Inputs are processed in your browser and never stored.How we calculate · Found an error? email us

Authorship & verification

Written and maintained by

  • Formula and examples verified on 14 June 2026
  • Educational estimate only

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